Landscape
There are many different landscapes in
Britain, from high mountains and steep slopes, made out of solid rocks, to rolling
hills and valleys. This landscape was formed millions of years ago during the
ice age, when moving glaciers of ice made deep valleys, steep mountain slopes
and long lakes. The southern and eastern parts of Britain are made up of
smaller rocks that have weathered and become fertile farmland.
- The northern and western parts of England are mountainous. The Pennine Chain forms the backbone of
northern England. Many of England’s major industrial areas lie on the flanks of
the Pennine Chain, where there are many coalfields. To the west of the Pennines
are the Cumbrian Mountains, a mountainous dome of ancient rocks deeply eroded
by glaciers. This region contains the Lake District, diversely beautiful, with
breathtaking scenery. The Lake District contains the beautiful lakes that give
the district its name. The Lake District mixes soft green dales, cluster of
hills, mirror-surfaced lakes and stark mountains, including Scafell Pike (978m)
- England’s highest peak. This district is widely known for its association with
the history of English literature and especially with the name of William
Wordsworth, the founder of the Lake School of poets. (1) All
the rest of England is a vast plain. Rolling plains occupy most of central and
eastern England. The western part of the central region is known as the Midlands. To the east lies the Fens, a marsh area. To the south an
elevated plateau slopes upward. The peninsula southwest of England is another
highland zone. It is often referred to as the West Country. The peninsula juts
out into the Atlantic Ocean and contains the countries of Devon and Cornwall.
It features hilly, rough areas, the moorland plateaus of Dartmoor and Exmoor,
and many picturesque valleys. Its sheltered areas are noted for their mild
climate.
- The
terrain of Scotland is mountainous and is divided into three regions, from
north to south: the Highlands, the Central Lowlands and the Southern Uplands.
The Highlands occupy more than a half of Scotland, the most rugged region on
the island of Great Britain. The people who live here are called Highlanders.The
Grampian Mountains are the chief
range in the Highlands. The mountains, though, are not very high. Ben Nevis is the highest peak in
Scotland- 1.343 meters high. The Cheviot
Hills mark the boundary between England and Scotland. The Lowlands have beautiful valleys and
plains.There
are numerous lakes in Scotland called lochs-
for which the country is famous. The best known lake is Loch Ness.The
greatest and brightest representative of highlanders was Robert Burns, who
dedicated some of his poems to his country.
- Wales
has an irregular coastline and many bays; the biggest is Cardigan Bay. Except
for narrow and low coastal areas, mainly in the south and west, Wales is mostly
mountainous. It has two major mountain systems: the Black Mountains with
Pen-y-Fan (886m), the highest peak in South Wales, and the spiky peaks of
Snowdoniain the north with Snowdon (1.085m), the highest peak in Wales.
-
Northern
Ireland has several areas of spectacular natural beauty. One of these is the
Giant’s Causeway on its north coast, so-called because the rocks in the area
look like enormous stepping stones. There are low hills and peaks of rocks in
the southeast of the island of Ireland. The highest part is the Mourne
Mountains- 852 meters above the sea level. The northeastern part is plateau. Ireland
is famous for its greenness. Poets often refer to it as ‘the Emerald Isle’.
There
are a lot of rivers in Great Britain but they are not very long. Britain’s
rivers provide drinking water for towns and irrigate farmers’ crops. They have
been navigable for centuries and have served people as trading routes. They
flow steadily all year long because they are fed by the frequent rain. The
Highlands act as a divide and determine, whether rivers flow west to the Irish
Sea or east to the North Sea. Rivers and streams moving westwards, down from
the Highlands, tend to be swift and turbulent; rivers flowing eastward tend to
be long, graceful and gentle, with slowly moving waters. The Severn is the longest river, flowing
along the border between England and Wales. Its tributaries include the Avon,
famed by Shakespeare. The Thames is the deepest and most important river. The
swiftest river is the Spey, flowing across the Highlands into the North Sea. It
is noted for salmon fishing. Other important rivers in England are the Mersey,
which enters the Irish Sea at Liverpool; the River Humber is on the east coast.
The Trent and several other rivers flow into it. The Tyne is in the northern
England and flows into the North Sea. In Scotland the important rivers are the
Clyde and the Forth, which are joined by a canal. The River Clyde flows past
Glasgow and empties into the Atlantic. The largest river in Ireland is the
Shannon, while the most important ones are the Lagan, the Bann, and the Foyle. The
largest lake in the British Isles –Lough Neagh- is in Ireland, while the
largest lake in Great Britain is Loch Lomond in Scotland. Lake Windermere is
the largest of the 15 major lakes in the famous Lake District.
Northern
Ireland has several areas of spectacular natural beauty. One of these is the
Giant’s Causeway on its north coast, so-called because the rocks in the area
look like enormous stepping stones. There are low hills and peaks of rocks in
the southeast of the island of Ireland. The highest part is the Mourne
Mountains- 852 meters above the sea level. The northeastern part is plateau. Ireland
is famous for its greenness. Poets often refer to it as ‘the Emerald Isle’.
There
are a lot of rivers in Great Britain but they are not very long. Britain’s
rivers provide drinking water for towns and irrigate farmers’ crops. They have
been navigable for centuries and have served people as trading routes. They
flow steadily all year long because they are fed by the frequent rain. The
Highlands act as a divide and determine, whether rivers flow west to the Irish
Sea or east to the North Sea. Rivers and streams moving westwards, down from
the Highlands, tend to be swift and turbulent; rivers flowing eastward tend to
be long, graceful and gentle, with slowly moving waters. The Severn is the longest river, flowing
along the border between England and Wales. Its tributaries include the Avon,
famed by Shakespeare. The Thames is the deepest and most important river. The
swiftest river is the Spey, flowing across the Highlands into the North Sea. It
is noted for salmon fishing. Other important rivers in England are the Mersey,
which enters the Irish Sea at Liverpool; the River Humber is on the east coast.
The Trent and several other rivers flow into it. The Tyne is in the northern
England and flows into the North Sea. In Scotland the important rivers are the
Clyde and the Forth, which are joined by a canal. The River Clyde flows past
Glasgow and empties into the Atlantic. The largest river in Ireland is the
Shannon, while the most important ones are the Lagan, the Bann, and the Foyle. The
largest lake in the British Isles –Lough Neagh- is in Ireland, while the
largest lake in Great Britain is Loch Lomond in Scotland. Lake Windermere is
the largest of the 15 major lakes in the famous Lake District.